Fabric And Forge Related Server Types

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This docker image provides a Minecraft Server that will automatically download the latest stable version at startup. You can also run/upgrade to any specific version or the latest snapshot. See the Versions section below for more information.



To simply use the latest stable version, run



where, in this case, the standard server port 25565, will be exposed on your host machine.



If you plan on running a server for a longer amount of time it is highly recommended using a management layer such as Docker Compose or Kubernetes to allow for incremental reconfiguration and image upgrades.



Be sure to always include -e EULA=TRUE in your commands and container definitions, as Mojang/Microsoft requires EULA acceptance.



By default, the container will download the latest version of the "vanilla" Minecraft: Java Edition server provided by Mojang. The VERSION and the TYPE can be configured to create many variations of desired Minecraft server.



Mitigated Log4jShell Vulnerability



Please ensure you have pulled the latest image since all official mitigations are automatically applied by the container startup process.



Looking for a Bedrock Dedicated Server



For Minecraft clients running on consoles, mobile, or native Windows, you'll need to use this image instead:



Interacting with the server



RCON is enabled by default, so you can exec into the container to access the Minecraft server console:



Note: The -i is required for interactive use of rcon-cli.



To run a simple, one-shot command, such as stopping a Minecraft server, pass the command as arguments to rcon-cli, such as:



The -i is not needed in this case.



If rcon is disabled you can send commands by passing them as arguments to the packaged mc-send-to-console script. For example, a player can be op'ed in the container mc with:



In order to attach and interact with the Minecraft server, add -it when starting the container, such as



With that you can attach and interact at any time using



and then Control-p Control-q to detach.



For remote access, configure your Docker daemon to use a tcp socket (such as -H tcp://0.0.0.0:2375) and attach from another machine:



Unless you're on a home/private LAN, you should enable TLS access.



Data Directory



Everything the container manages is located under the container's /data path, as shown here:



NOTE: The container path /data is pre-declared as a volume, so if you do nothing then it will be allocated as an anonymous volume. As such, it is subject to removal when the container is removed.



Attaching data directory to host filesystem



In most cases the easiest way to persist and work with the minecraft data files is to use the volume mounting -v argument to map a directory on your host machine to the container's /data directory. In the following example, the path /home/user/minecraft-data must be a directory on your host machine:



When attached in this way you can stop the server, edit the configuration under your attached directory and start the server again to pick up the new configuration.



With Docker Compose, setting up a host attached directory is even easier since relative paths can be configured. For example, with the following docker-compose.yml Docker will automatically create/attach the relative directory minecraft-data to the container.



NOTE: if you have SELinux enabled, then you might need to add :Z to the end of volume mount specifications, as described here.



Converting anonymous /data volume to named volume



If you had used the commands in the first section, without the -v volume attachment, then an anonymous data volume was created by Docker. You can later bring over that content to a named or host attached volume using the following procedure.



In this example, it is assumed the original container was given a --name of "mc", so change the container identifier accordingly.



You can also locate the Docker-managed directory from the Source field obtained from docker inspect -f "json .Mounts"



First, stop the existing container:



Use a temporary container to copy over the anonymous volume's content into a named volume, "mc" in this case:



Now you can recreate the container with any environment variable changes, etc by attaching the named volume created from the previous step:



Versions



To use a different Minecraft version, pass the VERSION environment variable (case sensitive), which can have the value



- LATEST (the default)- SNAPSHOT- or a specific version, such as "1.7.9"



For example, to use the latest snapshot:



or a specific version:



When using "LATEST" or "SNAPSHOT" an upgrade can be performed by simply restarting the container. During the next startup, if a newer version is available from the respective release channel, then the new server jar file is downloaded and used. NOTE: over time you might see older versions of the server jar remain in the /data directory. It is safe to remove those.



Running Minecraft server on different Java version



When using the image itzg/minecraft-server without a tag, the latest image tag is implied from the table below. To use a different version of Java, please use an alternate tag to run your Minecraft server container.



For example, to use Java version 8 on any supported architecture:



Keep in mind that some versions of Minecraft server, such as Forge before 1.17, can't work on the newest versions of Java. Instead, one of the Java 8 images should be used. Also, FORGE doesn't support openj9 JVM implementation.



Some versions of vanilla Minecraft, such as 1.10, also do not run correctly with Java 17. If in doubt, use java8-multiarch for any version less than 1.17.



Deprecated Image Tags



The following image tags have been deprecated and are no longer receiving updates:



- adopt13- adopt14- adopt15- openj9-nightly- multiarch-latest- java16/java16-openj9



Related Projects



itzg/minecraft-bedrock-server



Docker image that runs a Minecraft Bedrock server.



mc-router



Lightweight multiplexer/proxy for Minecraft Java servers. Provided as a stand-alone application and a Docker image.



itzg/bungeecord



Docker image that runs a proxy powered by Bungeecord, Velocity, or Waterfall



itzg/mc-backup



Docker image that runs as a side-car container to backup world data.



rcon-cli



A tool that is bundled with this image to provide CLI access to an RCON endpoint.



mc-monitor



A tool that is bundled with this image that provides health checks and metrics reporting, such as a Prometheus exporter or a telegraf data source.



mc-image-helper



A tool that is bundled with this image to provide complex, re-usable preparation operations.



itzg/rcon



An image that dockerizes rcon-web-admin.



Healthcheck



This image contains mc-monitor and uses its status command to continually check on the container's. That can be observed from the STATUS column of docker ps



You can also query the container's health in a script friendly way:



There's actually a wrapper script called mc-health that takes care of calling mc-monitor status with the correct arguments. If needing to customize the health checks parameters, such as in a compose file, then use something like the following in the service declaration:



Some orchestration systems, such as Portainer, don't allow for disabling the default HEALTHCHECK declared by this image. In those cases you can approximate the disabling of healthchecks by setting the environment variable DISABLE_HEALTHCHECK to true.



Deployment Templates and Examples



Helm Charts



- itzg Helm Chart: GitHub repoHelm Chart repo



Examples



The examples directory also provides examples of deploying the itzg/minecraft-server Docker image.



Amazon Web Services (AWS) Deployment



If you're looking for a simple way to deploy this to the Amazon Web Services Cloud, check out the Minecraft Server Deployment (CloudFormation) repository. This repository contains a CloudFormation template that will get you up and running in AWS in a matter of minutes. Optionally it uses Spot Pricing so the server is very cheap, and you can easily turn it off when not in use.



Using Docker Compose



Rather than type the server options below, the port mappings above, etc every time you want to create new Minecraft server, you can now use Docker Compose. Start with a docker-compose.yml file like the following:



and in the same directory as that file run



Now, go play...or adjust the environment section to configure this server instance.



Troubleshooting



To troubleshoot the container initialization, such as when server files are pre-downloaded, set the environment variable DEBUG to true. The container logs will include much more output, and it is highly recommended including that output when reporting any issues.



To troubleshoot just the command-line used to start the Minecraft server, set the environment variable DEBUG_EXEC to true.



To troubleshoot any issues with memory allocation reported by the JVM, set the environment variable DEBUG_MEMORY to true.



Server types



Running a Forge Server



Enable Forge server mode by adding a -e TYPE=FORGE to your command-line.



The overall version is specified by VERSION, as described in the section above and will run the recommended Forge version by default. You can also choose to run a specific Forge version with FORGEVERSION, such as -e FORGEVERSION=14.23.5.2854.



To use a pre-downloaded Forge installer, place it in the attached /data directory and specify the name of the installer file with FORGE_INSTALLER, such as:



To download a Forge installer from a custom location, such as your own file repository, specify the URL with FORGE_INSTALLER_URL, such as:



In both of the cases above, there is no need for the VERSION or FORGEVERSION variables.



Running a Fabric Server



Enable Fabric server mode by adding a -e TYPE=FABRIC to your command-line.



By default, the container will install the latest fabric server launcher, using the latest fabric-loader against the minecraft version you have defined with VERSION (defaulting to the latest vanilla release of the game).



A specific loader or launcher version other than the latest can be requested using FABRIC_LOADER_VERSION and FABRIC_LAUNCHER_VERSION respectively, such as:



- Provide the path to a custom launcher jar available to the container with FABRIC_LAUNCHER, relative to /data (such as -e FABRIC_LAUNCHER=fabric-server-custom.jar)- Provide the URL to a custom launcher jar with FABRIC_LAUNCHER_URL (such as -e FABRIC_LAUNCHER_URL=http://HOST/fabric-server-custom.jar)



See the Working with mods and plugins section to set up Fabric mods and configuration.



Running a Quilt Server



Enable Quilt server mode by adding a -e TYPE=QUILT to your command-line.



By default, the container will install the latest quilt server launcher, using the latest quilt-installer against the minecraft version you have defined with VERSION (defaulting to the latest vanilla release of the game).



A specific loader or installer version other than the latest can be requested using QUILT_LOADER_VERSION and QUILT_INSTALLER_VERSION respectively, such as:



If you wish to use an alternative launcher you can:



- Provide the path to a custom launcher jar available to the container with QUILT_LAUNCHER, relative to /data (such as -e QUILT_LAUNCHER=quilt-server-custom.jar)- Provide the URL to a custom launcher jar with QUILT_LAUNCHER_URL (such as -e QUILT_LAUNCHER_URL=http://HOST/quilt-server-custom.jar)



See the Working with mods and plugins section to set up Quilt mods and configuration.



Running a Bukkit/Spigot server



Enable Bukkit/Spigot server mode by adding a -e TYPE=BUKKIT or -e TYPE=SPIGOT to your command-line.



If you are hosting your own copy of Bukkit/Spigot you can override the download URLs with:



- -e BUKKIT_DOWNLOAD_URL=- -e SPIGOT_DOWNLOAD_URL=



You can build spigot from source by adding -e BUILD_FROM_SOURCE=true



Plugins can either be managed within the plugins subdirectory of the data directory or you can also attach a /plugins volume. If you add plugins while the container is running, you'll need to restart it to pick those up.



NOTE some of the VERSION values are not as intuitive as you would think, so make sure to click into the version entry to find the exact version needed for the download. For example, "1.8" is not sufficient since their download naming expects 1.8-R0.1-SNAPSHOT-latest exactly.



Running a Paper server



Enable Paper server mode by adding a -e TYPE=PAPER to your command-line.



By default, the container will run the latest build of Paper server but you can also choose to run a specific build with -e PAPERBUILD=205.



If you are hosting your own copy of Paper you can override the download URL with PAPER_DOWNLOAD_URL=.



If you have attached a host directory to the /data volume, then you can install plugins via the plugins subdirectory. You can also attach a /plugins volume. If you add plugins while the container is running, you'll need to restart it to pick those up.



You can also auto-download plugins using SPIGET_RESOURCES.



Running a Pufferfish server



A Pufferfish server, which is "a highly optimized Paper fork designed for large servers requiring both maximum performance, stability, and "enterprise" features."



NOTE: The VERSION variable is used to select branch latest, 1.18, or 1.17. Use PUFFERFISH_BUILD to really select the SERVER VERSION number.



PUFFERFISH_BUILD=lastSuccessfulBuild : set a specific Pufferfish build to use. Example: selecting build 47 => 1.18.1, or build 50 => 1.18.2 etcFORCE_REDOWNLOAD=false : set to true to force the located server jar to be re-downloadedUSE_FLARE_FLAGS=false : set to true to add appropriate flags for the built-in Flare profiler



Running a Purpur server



A Purpur server, which is "a drop-in replacement for Paper servers designed for configurability and new, fun, exciting gameplay features."



NOTE: the VERSION variable is used to lookup a build of Purpur to download



Extra variables:



PURPUR_BUILD=LATEST : set a specific Purpur build to useFORCE_REDOWNLOAD=false : set to true to force the located server jar to be re-downloadedUSE_FLARE_FLAGS=false : set to true to add appropriate flags for the built-in Flare profilerPURPUR_DOWNLOAD_URL= : set URL to download Purpur from custom URL.



Running a Magma server



A Magma server, which is a combination of Forge and PaperMC, can be used with



NOTE there are limited base versions supported, so you will also need to set VERSION, such as "1.12.2", "1.16.5", etc.



Running a Mohist server



A Mohist server can be used with



NOTE there are limited base versions supported, so you will also need to set VERSION, such as "1.12.2"



By default the latest build will be used; however, a specific build number can be selected by setting MOHIST_BUILD, such as



Running a Catserver type server



A Catserver type server can be used with



NOTE Catserver only provides a single release stream, so VERSION is ignored



Running a Loliserver type server



A Loliserver type server can be used with



NOTE Loliserver only provides a single release stream, so VERSION is ignored



Disclaimer The retrieval of the serverjar is not bulletproof. It can and probably will change in the future.



Running a Canyon server



Canyon is a fork of CraftBukkit for Minecraft Beta 1.7.3. It includes multiple enhancements whilst also retaining compatibility with old Bukkit plugins and mods as much as possible.



NOTE only VERSION=b1.7.3 is supported. Since that version pre-dates the health check mechanism used by this image, that will need to be disabled by setting DISABLE_HEALTHCHECK=true.



By default, the latest build will be used; however, a specific build number can be selected by setting CANYON_BUILD, such as



Running a SpongeVanilla server



Enable SpongeVanilla server mode by adding a -e TYPE=SPONGEVANILLA to your command-line.



By default the container will run the latest STABLE version. If you want to run a specific version, you can add -e SPONGEVERSION=1.11.2-6.1.0-BETA-19 to your command-line.



Beware that current Sponge STABLE versions for Minecraft 1.12 require using the Java 8 tag:



You can also choose to use the EXPERIMENTAL branch. Just change it with SPONGEBRANCH, such as:



Running a Limbo server



A Limbo server can be run by setting TYPE to LIMBO.



- LIMBO_BUILD=LATEST



The VERSION will be ignored so locate the appropriate value from here to match the version expected by clients.



- FORCE_REDOWNLOAD=false



- LIMBO_SCHEMA_FILENAME=default.schem



- LEVEL="Default;$LIMBO_SCHEMA_FILENAME"



NOTE: instead of using format codes in the MOTD, Limbo requires JSON chat content. If a plain string is provided, which is the default, then it gets converted into the required JSON structure.



Running a Crucible server



A Crucible server can be run by setting TYPE to CRUCIBLE.



Configuration options with defaults:



CRUCIBLE_RELEASE=latest



Crucible is only available for 1.7.10, so be sure to set VERSION=1.7.10.



Running a server with a Feed the Beast modpack



NOTE requires one of the Debian based images listed in the Java versions section.



Feed the Beast application modpacks are supported by using -e TYPE=FTBA (note the "A" at the end of the type). This server type will automatically take care of downloading and installing the modpack and appropriate version of Forge, so the VERSION does not need to be specified.



Environment Variables:



FTB_MODPACK_ID: required, the numerical ID of the modpack to install. The ID can be located by finding the modpack and hovering over the name of the modpack, as shown here.FTB_MODPACK_VERSION_ID: optional, the numerical Id of the version to install. If not specified, the latest version will be installed. The "Version ID" can be obtained by drilling into the Versions tab and hovering over the version name, as shown here.



Upgrading



If a specific FTB_MODPACK_VERSION_ID was not specified, simply restart the container to pick up the newest modpack version. If using a specific version ID, recreate the container with the new version ID.



Example



The following example runs the latest version of FTB Presents Direwolf20 1.12:



Normally you will also add -v volume for /data since the mods and config are installed there along with world data.



Running a server with a CurseForge modpack



Enable this server mode by adding -e TYPE=CURSEFORGE to your command-line, but note the following additional steps needed...



You need to specify a modpack to run, using the CF_SERVER_MOD environment variable. A CurseForge server modpack is available together with its respective client modpack at https://www.curseforge.com/minecraft/modpacks .



Now you can add a -e CF_SERVER_MOD=name_of_modpack.zip to your command-line.



If you want to keep the pre-download modpacks separate from your data directory, then you can attach another volume at a path of your choosing and reference that. The following example uses /modpacks as the container path as the pre-download area:



Modpack data directory



By default, CurseForge modpacks are expanded into the sub-directory /data/FeedTheBeast and executed from there. (The default location was chosen for legacy reasons, when Curse and FTB were maintained together.)



The directory can be changed by setting CF_BASE_DIR, such as -e CF_BASE_DIR=/data.



Buggy start scripts



Some modpacks have buggy or overly complex start scripts. You can avoid using the bundled start script and use this image's standard server-starting logic by adding -e USE_MODPACK_START_SCRIPT=false.



Fixing "unable to launch forgemodloader"



If your server's modpack fails to load with an error like this:



then you apply a workaround by adding this to the run invocation:



Running a server with a packwiz modpack



packwiz is a CLI tool for maintaining and providing modpack definitions, with support for both CurseForge and Modrinth as sources. See the packwiz tutorial for more information.



To configure server mods using a packwiz modpack, set the PACKWIZ_URL environment variable to the location of your pack.toml modpack definition:



packwiz modpack defitions are processed before other mod definitions (MODPACK, MODS, etc.) to allow for additional processing/overrides you may want to perform (in case of mods not available via Modrinth/CurseForge, or you do not maintain the pack).



packwiz is pre-configured to only download server mods. If client-side mods are downloaded and cause issues, check your pack.toml configuration, and make sure any client-only mods are not set to "both", but rather "client" for the side configuration item.



Working with mods and plugins



Optional plugins, mods, and config attach points



There are optional volume paths that can be attached to supply content to be copied into the data area:



/plugins : contents are synchronized into /data/plugins for Bukkit related server types. Set SYNC_SKIP_NEWER_IN_DESTINATION=false if you want files from /plugins to take precedence over newer files in /data/plugins.



/mods : contents are synchronized into /data/mods for Fabric and Forge related server types. The destination can be changed by setting COPY_MODS_DEST.



/config : contents are synchronized into /data/config by default, but can be changed with COPY_CONFIG_DEST. For example, -v ./config:/config -e COPY_CONFIG_DEST=/data will allow you to copy over files like bukkit.yml and so on directly into the server directory. Set SYNC_SKIP_NEWER_IN_DESTINATION=false if you want files from /config to take precedence over newer files in /data/config.



By default, the environment variable processing is performed on synchronized files that match the expected suffixes in REPLACE_ENV_SUFFIXES (by default "yml,yaml,txt,cfg,conf,properties,hjson,json,tml,toml") and are not excluded by REPLACE_ENV_VARIABLES_EXCLUDES and REPLACE_ENV_VARIABLES_EXCLUDE_PATHS. This processing can be disabled by setting REPLACE_ENV_DURING_SYNC to false.



If you want old mods/plugins to be removed before the content is brought over from those attach points, then add -e REMOVE_OLD_MODS=TRUE. You can fine tune the removal process by specifying the REMOVE_OLD_MODS_INCLUDE and REMOVE_OLD_MODS_EXCLUDE variables, which are comma separated lists of file glob patterns. If a directory is excluded, then it and all of its contents are excluded. By default, only jars are removed.



You can also specify the REMOVE_OLD_MODS_DEPTH (default is 16) variable to only delete files up to a certain level.



For example: -e REMOVE_OLD_MODS=TRUE -e REMOVE_OLD_MODS_INCLUDE="*.jar" -e REMOVE_OLD_MODS_DEPTH=1 will remove all old jar files that are directly inside the plugins/ or mods/ directory.



These paths work well if you want to have a common set of modules in a separate location, but still have multiple worlds with different server requirements in either persistent volumes or a downloadable archive.



For more flexibility with mods/plugins preparation, you can declare directories to use in the MODS variable



Auto-downloading SpigotMC/Bukkit/PaperMC plugins



The SPIGET_RESOURCES variable can be set with a comma-separated list of SpigotMC resource IDs to automatically download SpigotMC resources/plugins using the spiget API. Resources that are zip files will be expanded into the plugins directory and resources that are simply jar files will be moved there.



NOTE: the variable is purposely spelled SPIGET with an "E"



The resource ID can be located from the numerical part of the URL after the shortname and a dot. For example, the ID is 9089 from



For example, the following will auto-download the EssentialsX and Vault plugins:



Auto-download mods from Modrinth



Modrinth is an open source modding platform with a clean, easy to use website for finding Fabric and Forge mods. At startup, the container will automatically locate and download the newest versions of mod files that correspond to the TYPE and VERSION in use. Older file versions downloaded previously will automatically be cleaned up.



MODRINTH_PROJECTS : comma separated list of project slugs (short name) or IDs. The project ID can be located in the "Technical information" section. The slug is the part of the page URL that follows /mod/: https://modrinth.com/mod/fabric-api ---------- | +-- project slug



MODRINTH_DOWNLOAD_OPTIONAL_DEPENDENCIES=true : required dependencies of the project will always be downloaded and optional dependencies can also be downloaded by setting this to trueMODRINTH_ALLOWED_VERSION_TYPE=release : the version type is used to determine the newest version to use from each project. The allowed values are release, beta, alpha.



Downloadable mod/plugin pack for Forge, Fabric, and Bukkit-like Servers



Like the WORLD option above, you can specify the URL or path of a "mod pack" to download and install into mods for Forge/Fabric or plugins for Bukkit/Spigot. To use this option pass the environment variable MODPACK, such as



NOTE: The referenced URL must be a zip file with one or more jar files at the top level of the zip archive. Make sure the jars are compatible with the particular TYPE of server you are running.



You may also download or copy over individual mods using the MODS environment variable. MODS contains a comma-separated list of



- URL of a jar file



- container path to a jar file



- container path to a directory containing jar files



docker run -d -e MODS=https://www.example.com/mods/mod1.jar,/plugins/common,/plugins/special/mod2.jar ...



ForgeAPI usage to use non-version specific projects



NOTE: This potentially could lead to unexpected behavior if the Mod receives an update with unexpected behavior.



This is more complicated because you will be pulling/using the latest mod for the release of your game. To get started make sure you have a CursedForge API Key. Then use the environmental parameters in your docker build.



Please be aware of the following when using these options for your mods:



- Mod Release types: Release, Beta, and Alpha.- Mod dependencies: Required and Optional- Mod family: Fabric, Forge, and Bukkit.



Parameters to use the ForgeAPI:



MODS_FORGEAPI_KEY - RequiredMODS_FORGEAPI_FILE - Required or use MODS_FORGEAPI_PROJECTIDS (Overrides MODS_FORGEAPI_PROJECTIDS)MODS_FORGEAPI_PROJECTIDS - Required or use MODS_FORGEAPI_FILEMODS_FORGEAPI_RELEASES - Default is release, Options: [Release|Beta|Alpha]MODS_FORGEAPI_DOWNLOAD_DEPENDENCIES - Default is False, attempts to download required mods (releaseType Release) defined in Forge.MODS_FORGEAPI_IGNORE_GAMETYPE - Default is False, Allows for filtering mods on family type: FORGE, FABRIC, and BUKKIT. (Does not filter for Vanilla or custom)REMOVE_OLD_FORGEAPI_MODS - Default is FalseREMOVE_OLD_DATAPACKS_DEPTH - Default is 1REMOVE_OLD_DATAPACKS_INCLUDE - Default is *.jar



Example of expected forge api project ids, releases, and key:



Example of expected ForgeAPI file format.



Field Description:



name is currently unused, but can be used to document each entry.projectId id is the id found on the CurseForge website for a particular modreleaseType Type corresponds to forge's R, B, A icon for each file. Default Release, options are (release|beta|alpha).fileName is used for version pinning if latest file will not work for you.



Generic pack files



To install all the server content (jars, mods, plugins, configs, etc.) from a zip or tgz file, then set GENERIC_PACK to the container path or URL of the archive file. This can also be used to apply a CurseForge modpack that is missing a server start script and/or Forge installer.



If multiple generic packs need to be applied together, set GENERIC_PACKS instead, with a comma separated list of archive file paths and/or URLs to files.



To avoid repetition, each entry will be prefixed by the value of GENERIC_PACKS_PREFIX and suffixed by the value of GENERIC_PACKS_SUFFIX, both of which are optional. For example, the following variables



would expand to https://cdn.example.org/configs-v9.0.1.zip,https://cdn.example.org/mods-v4.3.6.zip.



If applying large generic packs, the update check can be time-consuming since a SHA1 checksum is compared. Minecraft Server List To skip the update check set SKIP_GENERIC_PACK_UPDATE_CHECK to "true". Conversely, the generic pack(s) can be forced to be applied without comparing the checksum by setting FORCE_GENERIC_PACK_UPDATE to "true".



Mod/Plugin URL Listing File



As an alternative to MODS, the variable MODS_FILE can be set with the path to a text file listing a mod/plugin URL on each line. For example, the following



would load from a file mounted into the container at /extras/mods.txt. That file might look like:



Blank lines and lines that start with a # will be ignored



This compose file shows another example of using this feature.



It is recommended to combine this option with REMOVE_OLD_MODS=TRUE to ensure the mods/plugins remain consistent with the file's listing.



Remove old mods/plugins



When the option above is specified (MODPACK) you can also instruct script to delete old mods/plugins prior to installing new ones. This behaviour is desirable in case you want to upgrade mods/plugins from downloaded zip file. To use this option pass the environment variable REMOVE_OLD_MODS=TRUE, such as



WARNING: All content of the mods or plugins directory will be deleted before unpacking new content from the MODPACK or MODS.



Working with world data



Downloadable world



Instead of mounting the /data volume, you can instead specify the URL of a ZIP or compressed TAR file containing an archived world. It will be searched for a file level.dat and the containing subdirectory moved to the directory named by $LEVEL. This means that most of the archived Minecraft worlds downloadable from the Internet will already be in the correct format.



NOTE: This URL must be accessible from inside the container. Therefore, you should use an IP address or a globally resolvable FQDN, or else the name of a linked container.



NOTE: If the archive contains more than one level.dat, then the one to select can be picked with WORLD_INDEX, which defaults to 1.



Cloning world from a container path



The WORLD option can also be used to reference a directory, zip file, or compressed tar file that will be used as a source to clone or extract the world directory.



For example, the following would initially clone the world's content from /worlds/basic. Also notice in the example that you should use a read-only volume attachment to ensure the clone source remains pristine.



The following diagram shows how this option can be used in a compose deployment with a relative directory:



Overwrite world on start



The world will only be downloaded or copied if it doesn't exist already. Set FORCE_WORLD_COPY=TRUE to force overwrite the world on every server start.



Custom worlds directory path



To set a custom worlds directory for the Multiverse plugin on a baremetal server, you'd pass the --world-dir argument after the jar file. In order to accomplish the same in a containerized server, set the EXTRA_ARGS environment variable in your command line or docker compose yaml to the same argument string. For example:



--world-container, -W, and --universe are aliases to --world-dir and can also be used.



Datapacks



Datapacks can be installed in a similar manner to mods/plugins. There are many environment variables which function in the same way they do for mods:



DATAPACKSDATAPACKS_FILEREMOVE_OLD_DATAPACKSREMOVE_OLD_DATAPACKS_DEPTHREMOVE_OLD_DATAPACKS_INCLUDEREMOVE_OLD_DATAPACKS_EXCLUDE Datapacks will be placed in /data/$LEVEL/datapacks



VanillaTweaks



VanillaTweaks datapacks, crafting tweaks, and resource packs can be installed with a share code from the website OR a json file to specify packs to download and install. Datapacks and crafting tweaks will be installed into the current world directory specified by $LEVEL. As new versions of the packs are retrieved the previous versions will automatically be cleaned up.



The share code is the part following the hash sign, as shown here:



Accepted Parameters:



VANILLATWEAKS_FILE: comma separated list of JSON VanillaTweak pack files accessible within the containerVANILLATWEAKS_SHARECODE: comma separated list of share codes



Example of expected VanillaTweaks share codes: Note: ResourcePacks, DataPacks, and CraftingTweaks all have separate sharecodes



Example of expected VanillaTweaks files:



Datapacks Json:



Resourcepacks Json:



CraftingTweaks Json:



Server configuration



By default, the server configuration will be created and set based on the following environment variables, but only the first time the server is started. If the server.properties file already exists, the values in them will not be changed.



If you would like to override the server configuration each time the container starts up, you can set the OVERRIDE_SERVER_PROPERTIES environment variable like:



This will reset any manual configuration of the server.properties file, so if you want to make any persistent configuration changes you will need to make sure you have properly set the proper environment variables in your container configuration.



In the opposite case, you can skip the startup script's creation of server.properties, by setting SKIP_SERVER_PROPERTIES to "true".



NOTE: to clear a server property, set the variable to an empty string, such as -e RESOURCE_PACK="". A variables that maps to a server property that is unset, is ignored and the existing server.property is left unchanged.



Message of the Day



The message of the day, shown below each server entry in the client UI, can be changed with the MOTD environment variable, such as



If you leave it off, a default is computed from the server type and version, such as



That way you can easily differentiate between several servers you may have started.



The section symbol (§) and other unicode characters are automatically converted to allow formatting codes to be used consistently with all server versions. For example,



renders



Difficulty



The difficulty level (default: easy) can be set like:



Valid values are: peaceful, easy, normal, and hard, and an error message will be output in the logs if it's not one of these values.



Whitelist Players



NOTE it is very important to set this with servers exposed to the internet where you want only limited players to join.



To whitelist players for your Minecraft server, you can:



- Provide the url or path to a whitelist file via WHITELIST_FILE environment variable docker run -d -e WHITELIST_FILE=/extra/whitelist.json ...- Provide a list of usernames and/or UUIDs separated by commas via the WHITELIST environment variable docker run -d -e WHITELIST=user1,uuid2 ...



To enforce the whitelist and auto-kick players not included in whitelist configuration, set ENFORCE_WHITELIST=TRUE. By default any user can join your Minecraft server if it's publicly accessible, regardless of your whitelist configuration.



If whitelist configuration already exists, WHITELIST_FILE will not be retrieved and any usernames in WHITELIST are added to the whitelist configuration. You can enforce regeneration of the whitelist on each server startup by setting OVERRIDE_WHITELIST to "true". This will delete the whitelist file before processing whitelist configuration.



NOTE: You can provide both WHITELIST_FILE and WHITELIST, which are processed in that order.



NOTE: UUIDs passed via WHITELIST need to be the dashed variant, otherwise it not be recognised and instead added as a username.



If running Minecraft 1.7.5 or earlier, these variables will apply to white-list.txt, with 1.7.6 implementing support for whitelist.json. Make sure your WHITELIST_FILE is in the appropriate format.



If either WHITELIST_FILE or WHITELIST is provided, the server property white-list is automatically set to true, enabline whitelist functionality. Alternatively you can set ENABLE_WHITELIST=TRUE to only set the server property white-list without modifying the whitelist file. In this case the whitelist can be managed using the whitelist add and whitelist remove commands. Remember you can set enforcement via the ENFORCE_WHITELIST variable.



Op/Administrator Players



Similar to the whitelist, to add users as operators (aka adminstrators) to your Minecraft server, you can:



- Provide te url or path to an ops file via OPS_FILE environment variable docker run -d -e OPS_FILE=https://config.example.com/extra/ops.json ...- Provide a list of usernames and/or UUIDs separated by commas via the OPS environment variable docker run -d -e OPS=user1,uuid2 ...



If ops configuration already exists, OPS_FILE will not be retrieved and any usernames in OPS are added to the ops configuration. You can enforce regeneration of the ops configuration on each server startup by setting OVERRIDE_OPS to "true". This will delete the ops file before processing ops configuration.



Similar to whitelists, you can provide both OPS_FILE and OPS, and Minecraft 1.7.5 or earlier will use ops.txt rather than ops.json.



Server icon



A server icon can be configured using the ICON variable. The image will be automatically downloaded, scaled, and converted from any other image format:



The server icon which has been set doesn't get overridden by default. It can be changed and overridden by setting OVERRIDE_ICON to TRUE.



Rcon



To use rcon use the ENABLE_RCON and RCON_PASSWORD variables. The default RCON password is "minecraft", but it's highly recommended to override that. By default rcon port will be 25575 but can easily be changed with the RCON_PORT variable.



Query



Enabling this will enable the gamespy query protocol. By default the query port will be 25565 (UDP) but can easily be changed with the QUERY_PORT variable.



Max players



By default max players is 20, you can increase this with the MAX_PLAYERS variable.



Max world size



This sets the maximum possible size in blocks, expressed as a radius, that the world border can obtain.



Allow Nether



Allows players to travel to the Nether.



Announce Player Achievements



Allows server to announce when a player gets an achievement.



Enable Command Block



Enables command blocks



Force Gamemode



Force players to join in the default game mode.



- false - Players will join in the gamemode they left in.



- true - Players will always join in the default gamemode.



docker run -d -e FORCE_GAMEMODE=false



Generate Structures



Defines whether structures (such as villages) will be generated.



- false - Structures will not be generated in new chunks.



- true - Structures will be generated in new chunks.



docker run -d -e GENERATE_STRUCTURES=true



Hardcore



If set to true, players will be set to spectator mode if they die.



Snooper



If set to false, the server will not send data to snoop.minecraft.net server.



Max Build Height



The maximum height in which building is allowed. Terrain may still naturally generate above a low height limit.



Max Tick Time



The maximum number of milliseconds a single tick may take before the server watchdog stops the server with the message, A single server tick took 60.00 seconds (should be max 0.05); Considering it to be crashed, server will forcibly shutdown. Once this criteria is met, it calls System.exit(1). Setting this to -1 will disable watchdog entirely



Spawn Animals



Determines if animals will be able to spawn.



Spawn Monsters



Determines if monsters will be spawned.



Spawn NPCs



Determines if villagers will be spawned.



Set spawn protection



Sets the area that non-ops can not edit (0 to disable)



View Distance



Sets the amount of world data the server sends the client, measured in chunks in each direction of the player (radius, not diameter). It determines the server-side viewing distance.



Level Seed



If you want to create the Minecraft level with a specific seed, use SEED, such as



If using a negative value for the seed, make sure to quote the value such as:



Game Mode



By default, Minecraft servers are configured to run in Survival mode. You can change the mode using MODE where you can either provide the standard numerical values or the shortcut values:



- creative- survival- adventure- spectator (only for Minecraft 1.8 or later)



For example:



PVP Mode



By default, servers are created with player-vs-player (PVP) mode enabled. You can disable this with the PVP environment variable set to false, such as



Level Type and Generator Settings



By default, a standard world is generated with hills, valleys, water, etc. A different level type can be configured by setting LEVEL_TYPE to an expected type listed here.



For some of the level types, GENERATOR_SETTINGS can be used to further customize the world generation as described here.



Custom Server Resource Pack



You can set a link to a custom resource pack and set it's checksum using the RESOURCE_PACK and RESOURCE_PACK_SHA1 options respectively, the default is blank:



You can enforce the resource pack on clients by setting RESOURCE_PACK_ENFORCE to TRUE (default: FALSE).



Level / World Save Name



You can either switch between world saves or run multiple containers with different saves by using the LEVEL option, where the default is "world":



NOTE: if running multiple containers be sure to either specify a different -v host directory for each LEVEL in use or don't use -v and the container's filesystem will keep things encapsulated.



INFO Refer to the data directory section for a visual description of where the $LEVEL directory is situated.



Online mode



By default, server checks connecting players against Minecraft's account database. If you want to create an offline server or your server is not connected to the internet, you can disable the server to try connecting to minecraft.net to authenticate players with environment variable ONLINE_MODE, like this



Allow flight



Allows users to use flight on your server while in Survival mode, if they have a mod that provides flight installed.



Server name



The server name (e.g. for bungeecord) can be set like:



Server port



WARNING: only change this value if you know what you're doing. It is only needed when using host networking and it is rare that host networking should be used. Use -p port mappings instead.



If you must, the server port can be set like:



however, be sure to change your port mapping accordingly and be prepared for some features to break.



Other server property mappings



Miscellaneous Options



Replacing variables inside configs



Sometimes you have mods or plugins that require configuration information that is only available at runtime. For example if you need to configure a plugin to connect to a database, you don't want to include this information in your Git repository or Docker image. Or maybe you have some runtime information like the server name that needs to be set in your config files after the container starts.



For those cases there is the option to replace defined variables inside your configs with environment variables defined at container runtime.



When the environment variable REPLACE_ENV_IN_PLACE is set to true (the default), the startup script will go through all files inside the container's /data path and replace variables that match the container's environment variables. Variables can instead (or in addition to) be replaced in files sync'ed from /plugins, /mods, and /config by setting REPLACE_ENV_DURING_SYNC to true (defaults to false).



Variables that you want to replace need to be declared inside curly brackets and prefixed with a dollar sign, such as $CFG_YOUR_VARIABLE, which is same as many scripting languages.



You can also change REPLACE_ENV_VARIABLE_PREFIX, which defaults to "CFG_", to limit which environment variables are allowed to be used. For example, with "CFG_" as the prefix, the variable $CFG_DB_HOST would be subsituted, but not $DB_HOST.



If you want to use a file for value (like when use secrets) you can add suffix _FILE to your variable name.



Variables will be replaced in files with the following extensions: .yml, .yaml, .txt, .cfg, .conf, .properties.



Specific files can be excluded by listing their name (without path) in the variable REPLACE_ENV_VARIABLES_EXCLUDES.



Paths can be excluded by listing them in the variable REPLACE_ENV_VARIABLES_EXCLUDE_PATHS. Path excludes are recursive. Here is an example:



Here is a full example where we want to replace values inside a database.yml.



This is how your docker-compose.yml file could look like:



Patching existing files



JSON path based patches can be applied to one or more existing files by setting the variable PATCH_DEFINITIONS to the path of a directory that contains one or more patch definition json files or a patch set json file.



Variable placeholders in the patch values can be restricted by setting REPLACE_ENV_VARIABLE_PREFIX, which defaults to "CFG_".



The following example shows a patch-set file were various fields in the paper.yaml configuration file can be modified and added:



NOTES: Only JSON and Yaml files can be patched at this time. TOML support is planned to be added next. Removal of comments and other cosmetic changes will occur when patched files are processed.



Running with a custom server JAR



If you would like to run a custom server JAR, set -e TYPE=CUSTOM and pass the custom server JAR via CUSTOM_SERVER. It can either be a URL or a container path to an existing JAR file.



If it is a URL, it will only be downloaded into the /data directory if it wasn't already. As such, if you need to upgrade or re-download the JAR, then you will need to stop the container, remove the file from the container's /data directory, and start again.



Force re-download of the server file



For VANILLA, FORGE, BUKKIT, SPIGOT, PAPER, CURSEFORGE, SPONGEVANILLA server types, set $FORCE_REDOWNLOAD to some value (e.g. 'true) to force a re-download of the server file for the particular server type. by adding a -e FORCE_REDOWNLOAD=true to your command-line.



For example, with PaperSpigot, it would look something like this:



Running as alternate user/group ID



By default, the container will switch to user ID 1000 and group ID 1000; however, you can override those values by setting UID and/or GID as environmental entries, during the docker run command.



The container will also skip user switching if the --user/-u argument is passed to docker run.



Memory Limit



By default, the image declares an initial and maximum Java memory-heap limit of 1 GB. There are several ways to adjust the memory settings:



MEMORY: "1G" by default, can be used to adjust both initial (Xms) and max (Xmx) memory heap settings of the JVMINIT_MEMORY: independently sets the initial heap sizeMAX_MEMORY: independently sets the max heap size



The values of all three are passed directly to the JVM and support format/units as [g|G|m|M|k|K]. For example:



To let the JVM calculate the heap size from the container declared memory limit, unset MEMORY with an empty value, such as -e MEMORY="". By default, the JVM will use 25% of the container memory limit as the heap limit; however, as an example the following would tell the JVM to use 75% of the container limit of 2GB of memory:



The settings above only set the Java heap limits. Memory resource requests and limits on the overall container should also account for non-heap memory usage. An extra 25% is a general best practice.



JVM Options



General JVM options can be passed to the Minecraft Server invocation by passing a JVM_OPTS environment variable. The JVM requires -XX options to precede -X options, so those can be declared in JVM_XX_OPTS. Both variables are space-delimited, raw JVM arguments.



For some cases, if e.g. after removing mods, it could be necessary to startup minecraft with an additional -D parameter like -Dfml.queryResult=confirm. To address this you can use the environment variable JVM_DD_OPTS, which builds the params from a given list of values separated by space, but without the -D prefix. To make things running under systems (e.g. Plesk), which doesn't allow = inside values, a : (colon) could be used instead. The upper example would look like this: JVM_DD_OPTS=fml.queryResult:confirm, and will be converted to -Dfml.queryResult=confirm.



Jarfile Options



Options that would usually be passed to the jar file (those which are written after the filename) can be passed via the EXTRA_ARGS environment variable. See Custom worlds directory path for an example.



Interactive and Color Console



If you would like to docker attach to the Minecraft server console with color and interactive capabilities, then add



NOTES



This feature doesn't work via rcon, so you will need to docker attach to the container. Use the sequence Ctrl-P, Ctrl-Q to detach.



This will bypass graceful server shutdown handling when using docker stop, so be sure the server console's stop command.



Make to enable stdin and tty with -it when using docker run or stdin_open: true and tty: true when using docker compose.



This feature is incompatible with Autopause and cannot be set when ENABLE_AUTOPAUSE=true.



Server Shutdown Options



To allow time for players to finish what they're doing during a graceful server shutdown, set STOP_SERVER_ANNOUNCE_DELAY to a number of seconds to delay after an announcement is posted by the server.



NOTE be sure to adjust Docker's shutdown timeout accordingly, such as using the -t option on docker-compose down.



OpenJ9 Specific Options



The openj9 image tags include specific variables to simplify configuration:



-e TUNE_VIRTUALIZED=TRUE : enables the option to optimize for virtualized environments-e TUNE_NURSERY_SIZES=TRUE : configures nursery sizes where the initial size is 50% of the MAX_MEMORY and the max size is 80%.



Enabling rolling logs



By default the vanilla log file will grow without limit. The logger can be reconfigured to use a rolling log files strategy by using:



NOTE this will interfere with interactive/color consoles as described in the section above



Timezone Configuration



You can configure the timezone to match yours by setting the TZ environment variable:



Or mounting /etc/timezone as readonly (not supported on Windows):



such as:



Enable Remote JMX for Profiling



To enable remote JMX, such as for profiling with VisualVM or JMC, add the environment variable ENABLE_JMX=true, set JMX_HOST to the IP/host running the Docker container, and add a port forwarding of TCP port 7091, such as:



Enable Aikar's Flags



Aikar has does some research into finding the optimal JVM flags for GC tuning, which becomes more important as more users are connected concurrently. The set of flags documented there can be added using



When MEMORY is greater than or equal to 12G, then the Aikar flags will be adjusted according to the article.



HTTP Proxy



You may configure the use of an HTTP/HTTPS proxy by passing the proxy's URL via the PROXY environment variable. In the example compose file it references a companion squid proxy by setting the equivalent of



Using "noconsole" option



Some older versions (pre-1.14) of Spigot required --noconsole to be passed when detaching stdin, which can be done by setting -e CONSOLE=FALSE.



Explicitly disable GUI



Some older servers get confused and think that the GUI interface is enabled. You can explicitly disable that by passing -e GUI=FALSE.



Stop Duration



When the container is signalled to stop, the Minecraft process wrapper will attempt to send a "stop" command via RCON or console and waits for the process to gracefully finish. By default it waits 60 seconds, but that duration can be configured by setting the environment variable STOP_DURATION to the number of seconds.



Setup only



If you are using a host-attached data directory, then you can have the image setup the Minecraft server files and stop prior to launching the server process by setting SETUP_ONLY to true.



Enable Flare Flags



To enable the JVM flags required to fully support the Flare profiling suite, set the following variable:



Flare is built-in to Pufferfish/Purpur, and is available in plugin form for other server types.



Enable support for optimized SIMD operations



To enable support for optimized SIMD operations, the JVM flag can be set with the following variable:



SIMD optimized operations are supported by Pufferfish and Purpur.



Enable timestamps in init logs



Before the container starts the Minecraft Server its output is prefixed with [init], such as



To also include the timestamp with each log, set LOG_TIMESTAMP to "true". The log output will then look like:



Auto-execute RCON commands



RCON commands can be configured to execute when the server starts, a client connects, or a client disconnects.



When declaring several commands within a compose file environment variable, it's easiest to use YAML's |- block style indicator.



On Server Start:



On Client Connection:



Note:



- On client connect we only know there was a connection, and not who connected. RCON commands will need to be used for that.



On Client Disconnect:



On First Client Connect



On Last Client Disconnect



Example of rules for new players



Uses team NEW and team OLD to track players on the server. So move player with no team to NEW, run a command, move them to team OLD. Reference Article



Autopause



Description



There are various bug reports on Mojang about high CPU usage of servers with newer versions, even with few or no clients connected (e.g. this one, in fact the functionality is based on this comment in the thread).



An autopause functionality has been added to this image to monitor whether clients are connected to the server. If for a specified time no client is connected, the Java process is stopped. When knocking on the server port (e.g. by the ingame Multiplayer server overview), the process is resumed. The experience for the client does not change.



Of course, even loaded chunks are not ticked when the process is stopped.



You must greatly increase or disable max-tick-time watchdog functionality. From the server's point of view, the pausing causes a single tick to take as long as the process is stopped, so the server watchdog might intervene after the process is continued, possibly forcing a container restart. To prevent this, ensure that the max-tick-time in the server.properties file is set to a very large value or -1 to disable it entirely, which is highly recommended. That can be set with MAX_TICK_TIME as described in the section below.



NOTE: Non-vanilla versions might have their own configuration file, you might have to disable their watchdogs separately. For PaperMC servers, you need to send the JVM flag -Ddisable.watchdog=true, this can be done with the docker env variable -e JVM_DD_OPTS=disable.watchdog:true



On startup the server.properties file is checked and, if applicable, a warning is printed to the terminal. When the server is created (no data available in the persistent directory), the properties file is created with the Watchdog disabled.



The utility used to wake the server (knock(d)) works at network interface level. So the correct interface has to be set using the AUTOPAUSE_KNOCK_INTERFACE variable when using non-default networking environments (e.g. host-networking, Portainer oder NAS solutions). See the description of the variable below.



A starting, example compose file has been provided in examples/docker-compose-autopause.yml.



Enabling Autopause



Enable the Autopause functionality by setting:



Autopause is not compatible with EXEC_DIRECTLY=true and the two cannot be set together.



When configuring kubernetes readiness/liveness health checks with auto-pause enabled, be sure to reference the mc-health wrapper script rather than mc-status directly.



The following environment variables define the behaviour of auto-pausing:



AUTOPAUSE_TIMEOUT_EST, default 3600 (seconds) describes the time between the last client disconnect and the pausing of the process (read as timeout established)AUTOPAUSE_TIMEOUT_INIT, default 600 (seconds) describes the time between server start and the pausing of the process, when no client connects inbetween (read as timeout initialized)AUTOPAUSE_TIMEOUT_KN, default 120 (seconds) describes the time between knocking of the port (e.g. by the main menu ping) and the pausing of the process, when no client connects inbetween (read as timeout knocked)AUTOPAUSE_PERIOD, default 10 (seconds) describes period of the daemonized state machine, that handles the pausing of the process (resuming is done independently)AUTOPAUSE_KNOCK_INTERFACE, default eth0Describes the interface passed to the knockd daemon. If the default interface does not work, run the ifconfig command inside the container and derive the interface receiving the incoming connection from its output. The passed interface must exist inside the container. Using the loopback interface (lo) does likely not yield the desired results.



Autostop



An option to stop the server after a specified time has been added for niche applications (e.g. billing saving on AWS Fargate). The function is incompatible with the Autopause functionality, as they basically cancel out each other.



Note that the docker container variables have to be set accordingly (restart policy set to "no") and that the container has to be manually restarted.



A starting, example compose file has been provided in examples/docker-compose-autostop.yml.



Enable the Autostop functionality by setting:



The following environment variables define the behaviour of auto-stopping:



AUTOSTOP_TIMEOUT_EST, default 3600 (seconds) describes the time between the last client disconnect and the stopping of the server (read as timeout established)AUTOSTOP_TIMEOUT_INIT, default 1800 (seconds) describes the time between server start and the stopping of the server, when no client connects inbetween (read as timeout initialized)AUTOSTOP_PERIOD, default 10 (seconds) describes period of the daemonized state machine, that handles the stopping of the server



Running on RaspberryPi



To run this image on a RaspberryPi 3 B+, 4, or newer, use any of the image tags list in the Java version section that specify armv7 for the architecture, which includes itzg/minecraft-server:latest.



NOTE: you may need to lower the memory allocation, such as -e MEMORY=750m



If experiencing issues such as "sleep: cannot read realtime clock: Operation not permitted", ensure libseccomp is up to date on your host. In some cases adding :Z flag to the /data mount may be needed, but use cautiously.

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